Critique of practical reason
The main book on moral philosophy of German philosopher Kant. One of the three criticism books, also called second criticism. Published in 1788 after the preliminary study "Basics of Moral Metaphysics" (1785). In the first criticism (reason of reason and logic), the principles of reason (immortality of the soul, freedom, existence of God) remained passive, but in the realm of practice, the principles of reason became the subject of morality. Is actively requested. This book consists of an original theory and methodology consisting of an analysis theory of pure practical reason and a dialectic of pure practical reason, and the original theory occupies the majority of this book. In analytical theory, the possibility of decision making by pure reason is considered, and it is demonstrated that the will follows the pragmatic (moral) principle. In other words, the practical principle that governs the will of the actor is only a subjective principle that is valid only for the subjectivity of the actor, that is, a morality. Therefore, a universally valid principle must be considered, which is morality. It is a general law. A moral law is not a pseudonym, but a definitive way to order to obey it. It is said that it can be established only by fulfilling the duty only. Thus, moral laws are the basis for the recognition of freedom, freedom is the basis for the existence of moral laws, and in dialectics, the immortalization of the soul for the infinite progress that seeks the highest goodness as the unity of virtue and happiness. The existence of God, who guarantees unity of freedom, morality and happiness, is actively preached in the form of a request for practical reason.